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Six Sigma® |
The name Six Sigma is a management program based on the quality control of variance (indicated by the Greek letter Sigma), which aims to bring the quality of a product or a service to a certain level, which is particularly favourable for the consumer. First introduced by Motorola in the second half of the 80's by Bob Galvin and Bill Smith, it spread to other major companies such as General Electric, Toyota, Honeywell and Microsoft. The objective of the methodology is to achieve such a control of the process to have only 3.4 defective parts per million, which leads to very restrictive limits on the variability of the production process. Methodology Method used to improve existing processes and in operation involves the following steps: The main instruments used in this phase are:
Measure. This phase consists in evaluating the performance level of the process or product in relation to the requirements identified. We must first identify and validate a proper system of measurement, then make the measurement. Finally, to compare the results with the required standards, we can calculate the current level of sigma. Typically in use:
Analyze. Based on the measured data, apply statistical techniques to identify the causes of defects and to quantify the extent to which each case (or the whole of the cases) influences the condition studied and its variance.
Improve. This is the stage where we propose and implement improvements to: until you understand fully the causes of defects. It is a prerogative of Six Sigma to avoid a jump immediately to solutions. We need to create a range of possible solutions by acting directly on the most important cases, analysis of costs and benefits, assess the need and modalities of any experiments or pilot tests. To select the best solution, are used frequently:
Check. In this phase watches the process in order to standardize and stabilize. It quantifies the extent of improvement and takes action to support the wording of the final procedures and training of staff. You can use the following tools:
From the initial stages, this method is indicated by the acronym DMAIC.
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